Also known as cervical osteoarthritis, it often occurs in men and women over 40 (although usually affects men at an earlier age compared to women). Around age 30, an x-ray may show some degeneration, however, symptoms aren't likely to show up until later. It is often caused by the changing consistency of the disks and ligaments associated with the spine. The spinal disks become dry and loose elasticity; while ligaments and muscles become stiff. Bulging disks also may be a cause, due to the disk material protruding from the space. The risk may be reduced early on by exercise and practicing good posture. This pathology can be diagnosed utilizing a physical assesment of neck flexibility, neurological exams (to determine pressure on the nerves and spinal cord), x-rays of the neck and spine, CT, MRI, or a Myelogram (when dye is injected into the spinal cord). Mild cases may be treated with a brace, anti-inflammatory drugs, and exercise; while extreme cases may require bed rest, traction, muscle relaxants, or corticosteroid injections. Although surgery has its own associated risks, it is also an option in severe cases.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/cervical-spondylosis/DS00697/TAB=multimedia