Orbital cellulitis is infection in the orbit. More specifically, the condition affects the soft tissues directly behind the orbital septum. Patients may complain of fever, headaches, and recent infections of the sinuses and/or upper respiratory tract. They may also experience visual impairment, swelling of the eye lid, and pain upon movement of the eyes. Symptoms may have a gradual or immediate onset. Though the infection may have spread from another area, other common causes include trauma and surgery. The infection most commonly comes from the ethmoid sinuses. Upon injury, orbital cellulitis can occur due to perforation of the orbital septum. This condition can also have a fungal origin, resulting from the Mucor and Aspergillus species.
Those suffering with orbital cellulitis should be hospitalized and administered intravenous or oral antibiotics. While this generally treats the condition, if the infection is fungal, surgical debridement may be required. Surgical drainage may be needed if the abscess doesn't decrease in size in a 72 hour period, or is vision loss occurs. Follow-up CT scans may be required if symptoms worsen. During the time following treatment, regular eye exams or monitoring by a disease specialist. Other complications may rarely occur due to the infection; for example, meningitis or permanent vision loss.
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